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内容説明
This book is divided into two distinct sections. Based on recent archaeological， historical and accounting research， the first part deals with the emergence of accounting practice. The 10，000 year-old history of accounting is traced back to the Sumerian token accounting and token-envelope accounting (the latter of the 4th millennium BC.). Small clay tokens inside a clay envelope stood for individual assets while the impressions of those tokens on the surface of the envelope represented the totality of the corresponding equity. From this arose (in the 3rd millennium BC.) the crucial innovaton of proto-cuneiform bookkeeping that led to abstract counting and writing on clay tablets. The book also illustrates the astounding sophistication manifested in some of the accounting and budgeting procedures of the time. The second part examines the first known manuscript that contains descriptions of accounting activities: this is Kautilya’s Arthasastra ， written about 300 BC in India. A little known work in Western accounting， it contains sections describing various accounting， budgeting and taxation aspects. Surprisingly it deals with relatively modern notions， such as the need for price-care or price-level changes， long before such ideas arose in the West. Contrary to poular belief， there is also evidence that this relatively advanced state of Hindu accounting may later have predisposed Indian mathematics to be the first to legitimize negative numbers. This text presents a series of often controversial， but well researched hypotheses， which makes it an important and enlightening read for both academics and professionals.
Book Description
Based on recent archaeological， historical and accounting research， this book presents a series of well-supported， but often surprising hypotheses on the 10，000 year-old history of accounting. Mattessich also illustrates the astounding sophistication manifested in some of the accounting and budgeting procedures throughout history. The second part of the book deals with the first manuscript containing sections describing accounting activities， the Kautilya’s Arthasastra， written about 300 BC in India.